ʻO ia ka hoʻohana keramika no nā papa pōkā

③ ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pōkā

Mai ka 21st century, ua ulu wikiwiki nā seramika pōkā, a he nui nā ʻano, e like me ka alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium boride, etc., i waena o nā alumina ceramics (Al₂O₃), silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), ʻO ka boron carbide ceramics (B4C) ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.

ʻO ka alumina ceramics ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, akā he haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī, haʻahaʻa ka paepae hana, haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai, e like me ka maʻemaʻe i māhele ʻia i 85/90/95/99 alumina ceramics, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻakikī a me ke kumukūʻai. ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe.

Hoʻohālikelike i nā waiwai o nā seramika pale pōkā like ʻole

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo Silicon carbide ceramic density, kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī, he kumu kūʻai kumu kūʻai seramika, no laila ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ceramics bulletproof ma Kina.

ʻO Boron carbide ceramics ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe ma waena o kēia mau ceramics, akā i ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou mau koi no ka ʻenehana hana, e koi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe sintering, no laila ʻo ke kumukūʻai ke kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o kēia mau ceramics ʻekolu.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kēia mau mea ʻekolu mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau, ʻo ka alumina bulletproof ceramics ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana bulletproof ma mua o ka silicon carbide a me ka boron carbide, no laila ʻo nā ʻāpana hana kūloko o nā seramics bulletproof i ka silicon carbide a me ka boron carbide bulletproof, ʻoiai. He kakaikahi ka alumina seramika.Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka alumina aniani hoʻokahi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā seramika alohilohi, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā mea akaka me nā hana māmā, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā lako kaua e like me nā pūʻali koa pale pale pale, Windows ʻike missile, Windows nānā kaʻa, a me nā periscope submarine.

④ʻElua o nā mea pākela kaulana loa

ʻO nā seramika pale pōkā silikoni

He ikaika loa ka paʻa covalent silicon carbide a loaʻa mau ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe.Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka silicon carbide ceramics i ka ikaika maikaʻi, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu maikaʻi a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe.I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kumukūʻai silicon carbide ceramic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea pale pale kaua kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka silikon carbide ceramics he wahi hoʻomohala ākea i ke kahua o ka pale pale kaua, a ʻo kā lākou noi i ke kahua o nā lako pilikino a me nā kaʻa kūikawā e ʻano like ʻole.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea pale pale, e noʻonoʻo ana i ke kumukūʻai a me nā manawa noi kūikawā a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i kahi hoʻonohonoho liʻiliʻi o nā panela seramika a me ka backplane composite i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pā paʻa ceramic composite, e lanakila ai i ka hemahema o nā seramika ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi tensile, a e hōʻoia i ke komo ʻana o ka projectile e haki wale i kahi ʻāpana me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka pale kaua holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO nā seramika pale pōkā ʻo Boron carbide

ʻO Boron carbide ka paʻakikī o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka daimana a me ka cubic boron nitride superhard material, ka paʻakikī a hiki i 3000kg/mm²;He haʻahaʻa ka mānoanoa, ʻo 2.52g/cm³ wale nō, ʻo ia ka 1/3 o ke kila;ʻO ka modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe, 450GPa;Ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, ma kahi o 2447 ℃;He haʻahaʻa ka helu hoʻonui wela a he kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻoili wela.Eia kekahi, boron carbide i maikaʻi kemika paʻa, kaʻakika a me ka alkali corrosion kū'ē, ma ka lumi mahana 'aʻole e react me kaʻakika a me ke kumu a me ka nui inorganic hui wai, wale i ka hydrofluoric waikawa-sulfuricʻakika, hydrofluoricʻakika-nitricʻakika hui pū wai i lohi corrosion. ;A ʻo ka hapa nui o nā metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole hana.Hiki i ka Boron carbide ke komo i nā neutrons, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea seramika ʻē aʻe.Loaʻa i ka B4C ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kekahi mau mea hoʻohana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia, i hui pū ʻia me kahi modulus kiʻekiʻe o ka elasticity, e lilo ia i koho maikaʻi no nā mea i loko o ka pūʻali koa a me nā kahua ākea.ʻO ka pilikia nui o ka B4C ʻo ia ke kumu kūʻai (ma kahi o 10 mau manawa o ka alumina) a palupalu, e kaupalena ana i kāna noi ākea e like me ka pale pale pale hoʻokahi.

⑤ ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā seramika pale pōkā.

Hoʻonui ʻia nā seramika pale pōkā

ʻOiai ʻoi loa ka nui o ka pōkā pōkā o ka silicon carbide a me ka boron carbide, ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia ka pilikia o ka paʻakikī haʻihaʻi a me ka palupalu maikaʻi ʻole o nā seramika hoʻokahi.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana hou i hoʻopuka i nā koi no ka hana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā seramika pale pōkā: multi-function, hana kiʻekiʻe, ke kaumaha māmā, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka palekana.No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, manaʻo ka poʻe akamai a me nā ʻepekema e hoʻokō i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, māmā a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā seramika ma o ka micro-adjustment, me ka multi-component ceramic system composite, functional gradient ceramics, layered structure design, etc. ke kaumaha i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kaua o kēia lā, a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana kelepona o nā ʻāpana kaua.

Hōʻike nā seramika hana i nā loli maʻamau i nā waiwai waiwai ma o ka hoʻolālā microcosmic.No ka laʻana, ka titanium boride a me ka titanium metala a me ka alumini oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride a me metal alumini a me nā ʻōnaehana metala/ceramic composite ʻē aʻe, ka hana o ka loli gradient ma ke kūlana mānoanoa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe. ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā seramika paʻakikī paʻakikī.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā seramika multiphase nanometer me nā submicron a i ʻole nanometer dispersion particle i hoʻohui ʻia i ka matrix ceramics.E like me SiC-Si3N4-Al2O3, B4C-SiC, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka paʻakikī, ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o nā seramika i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia.Ua hōʻike ʻia e aʻo ana nā ʻāina Komohana i ka sintering o ka pauka nano-scale e hoʻomākaukau i nā seramika me ka nui o ka nui o nā nanometers e hoʻokō ai i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, a ua manaʻo ʻia nā ceramics bulletproof e hoʻokō i kahi holomua nui ma kēia ʻano.

E hōʻuluʻulu

ʻO nā seramika hoʻokahi-phase a i ʻole multi-phase ceramics, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka bulletproof ceramics a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka silicon carbide, boron carbide i kēia mau mea ʻelua.Maikaʻi no nā mea boron carbide, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana sintering, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai maikaʻi o ka boron carbide ceramics, a e hoʻomohala hou ʻia kā lākou mau noi ma ke kahua o ka pōkā.